G.E. Ulumbekova
Association of Medical Societies for Quality of Medical Care and Medical Education, Moscow
Summary: The article analyzes the U.S. health care
system and the reform initiated by the U.S. Government in 2010. It
introduces the health indicators of the population, expenditures and
sources of financing, the volume of medical care in comparison with the
European Union and the Russian Federation, and also gives a general idea
of the U.S. health care system. The reasons which led to the necessity
to reform the U.S. health care were thoroughly analyzed, and were given
the main points of the suggested measures (in terms of health insurance,
state regulation and paying for high-quality care and result). The
conclusions for Russian health care system were drawn by the example of
the U.S. health care reform.
Aim: to analyze the experience of the U.S. health care
system (i.e. reform which is being implemented since 2010) in order to
determine the possibilities to apply market mechanisms in financing and
liberalization of state regulation in Russian health care system.
Methodology: the article represents in-depth analysis
of health indicators, expenditures and sources of financing in health
care, the volume of medical care in the United States in comparison with
the countries of European Union and the Russian Federation, the article
also assesses the impact and effectiveness of the U.S. health care. The
basic problems of the U.S. health care at the beginning of XXI century
are described.
Results and Conclusions: The study confirmed that the
U.S. health care system, which is based on voluntary medical insurance
of the majority of population and the use of market mechanisms in
financing and management of health care, is less effective than in the
countries of European Union. It is concluded that the market mechanisms
in health funding lead to uncontrolled growth of health care costs,
reducing its availability to the general population (16% uninsured) and
disintegration of the process of care for patients.
The main recommendation for the Russian healthcare based on the US
experience - is to provide long-term policy measures for maintaining and
development of the system of financing of program on state guarantees
of delivery medical care for the whole population based on solidarity
principle.
In the Russian health care it’s necessary to avoid implementation of
any marketing mechanisms in healthcare guarantees financing (i.e.
replacement of compulsory medical insurance for a certain part of
population voluntary one; the competition of private insurance agencies
and state control liberalization in providing guarantees and insurance
fees). Concerning management in state health care system, introduction
of marketing mechanisms (rules) such as patient’s right to choose
medical insurance agency, physician and medical organization, and free
pricing of medical services should be carried out under the state
control.
Keywords. Healthcare reform in the USA; the
healthcare financing; compulsory medical insurance; voluntary medical
insurance; state regulation in healthcare, marketing mechanisms in
healthcare.
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