DOI: 10.21045/2071-5021-2017-58-6-8

Contacts: Irina Ilchenko, e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it
Information about authors:
Ilchenko I.N., http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5966-7307
Boyarskaya T.V., http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0199-058X
Ignatieva M.V., http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-1008
Acknowledgments. The survey in the Moscow region was funded by the Russian Academy of Sciences within the framework of the “Fundamental sciences – to medicine” program in 2013. The survey in the Republic of Karelia was funded by the United Nations Environment Program; World Health Organization, WHO Regional Office for Europe, “Development of a Plan for Global Monitoring of Human Exposure to and Environmental Concentrations of Mercury” Project, Component 3 in 2016 (reference number EUPCR1612113).
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Abstract

Impact of environmental and behavioral risks is one of the causes of poor health. Depending on socio-economic and territorial determinants, impact of environmental and behavioral risk factors varies across different population groups. The purpose of the study was to analyze the degree of environmental exposure and behavioral risks during pregnancy among female residents of the Moscow Region and Republic of Karelia. In two epidemiological studies carried out according to the WHO standard methodology, within the framework of projects on harmonizing approaches to monitoring mercury content in the human body and assessing prenatal exposure in the early stages of life, 120 parturient women were examined in the Moscow Region and 240 women - in the Republic of Karelia. Industrial factors, environmental conditions at the place of residence and individual exposure to mercury were considered as indicators of environmental exposure. Smoking and drinking during pregnancy were analyzed as a behavioral risk.

Rosstat data were used for a comparative analysis of regional indicators. The survey results indicate significant inequalities in the degree of exposure of women to environmental and behavioral risks. The most serious inequalities were associated with socio-economic determinants, especially with low education of women living in rural areas in the Republic of Karelia.

Comparative analysis of medico-demographic, socio-economic and natural-geographic indicators at the regional level revealed a significantly higher burden of socio-economic disadvantages in the Republic of Karelia in comparison with the Moscow region. The results illustrate the scale and distribution of inequalities among parturient women in two regions of Russia and help identify potential target groups and priority areas for inter-sectoral actions.

Keywords. Environmental risk, pregnancy and prenatal exposure, behavioral risk factors, health equity, socio-economic determinants, equity-sensitive surveillance systems.

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