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S.A. Krayevoy, V.Ya. Galukhin
Department of public health in the open joint stock company “Russian Railroads”, Moscow
Summary. Health of a human being bears a great social
economic importance. It is a constituent element of national wealth from
two counterparts of points of view: to maintain a sound state of
health, a certain part of General Domestic Product is to be involved
into this enterprise, with the very health of the population being
considered as a resource strongly needed for the production of material
wealth and for effective functioning of the whole public society. Public
health vector inserted in the open joint stock company “Russian
Railroads” is considered to be part of general technological process of
national railroad system as it is providing for successive activities
and sustainable operation of this system, as well as for increase in
labor productivity here. Departmental public health is apt to be more
capable to provide for sustainable operation of railroad transport and
by this to contribute to the solution of certain issues, such as
modernization of this transport or sublimation of tasks put by the
government to it.
As for emergency situations arisen from a railroad accident, their
certain specific features could be indicated in a following manner:
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sizeable numbers of victims (implying significant fatality) among
railroad staff and the passengers either situated inside a train, or at a
railroad platform, or in a railway station/terminal; even the dwellers
of a nearby locality may suffer from a railroad accident;
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traumatism peculiar for a railroad as for it localization on/in the
body, the patterns of injuries, extent of severity, predomination of
comprehensive trauma, prevailing of multiple or combined injuries of
mechanical nature;
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evident deficiency of medical care to provided be at the scene of an
accident when mostly self-manpower and medical means are implied, at
least as far as opportune and full-scale medical assistance to the
victims is concerned; certain discrepancy between the nature of the
traumas of railroad victims and capabilities of medical facilities at
the spot; resulting lack of access of the total set of the victims
involved in the emergency situation to really qualified medical
assistance;
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situation not rarely faced with peculiar geographic, landscape or human
convenience conditions at the spot not favoring the provision of
emergency medical care at any daytime and at any year season
(challenging terrain, track side, frequent remoteness/embarrassing
access to localities with complete range of convenience and to
appropriate medical facilities); possible chemical/radioactive pollution
of a place/establishment resulting from a particular average involving
transportation of chemically/radioactively endangering cargos;
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embarrassing schedule of conveyance of rolling trains in railroad
traffic which can readily hamper opportune travelling isolation of the
victims prior to a full-scale rescue operation.
The aforementioned peculiar features characteristic for tactical
situation of medical bearing induced by a railroad crash/wreck/average
are to be taken in account just during the process of elaboration of a
pattern of appropriate measures for a case of emergency here. Detailed
development of the strategy and tactics of rendering emergency care to
large masses of people is to be based on the idea of the extreme
character of such measures associated at-the-spot with acute deficiency
of manpower and means of this departmental medical service.
Keywords.Emergency situation; planning;extreme conditions; evaluation; strategy and tactics.
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