V.G. Semyonova¹, O.B. Okunev², V.V. Antonuk¹, G.N. Yevdokushkina^1
1Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, Moscow
²Moscow State Institute of international relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, RUSSIA

Summary. Aim: to identify age and nosology peculiar features of lifespan situation in West-European nations naturally levelled up for this indicator for the comparison with situation in Russia.

United Kingdom, France, and Germany were selected for this criterion, as male lifespan there was 78.0, 77.8, 77.7 years in male population, accordingly, and 82.2, 84.8, and 82.7 years, accordingly, in female population. 

The growth of lifespan in these three nations in 1990-2009 involved all age categories of the corresponding populations. The pace of this growth was, however, slackening, and age groups changes  in this respect  were becoming peculiar being most pronounced in UK. Diminished mortality in all age groups was established here, and the important factors of this process were blood circulation diseases, neoplasm, and external causes. Mortality from respiratory diseases, however, increased in certain age and gender groups in UK and Germany. Some negative trends in mortality were found in UK as concerns the population with ability to work. A growth of mortality from infections was established in all three nations' populations older than 30 years of age. Generally similar life expectancy in these three nations was paralelled by significant differences in mortality in individual age groups of their corresponding populations, the most prominent distiction existing in age category of the populations with ability to work, i.e 15-59 years of age. After this age threshold, the differences again are much more levelled. As for Russia in 1990-2009, it was the peculiarity of each age category of the population that was rather rigidly determining the pace of change in mortality, as well as the very trends of mortality in every age group. Most expressed positive trends were consolidating in newborns' mortality. In age categories to follow, these favourable trends were becoming less and less pronounced, until being reversed to negative ones in population aged 20. The plateau of unfavourable trend curve fitted the population of 25-34 years of age. Proceeding from that, the curve was lowering, until reversing to favorable trend (after 75 in males and after 60 in females). This model (most favourable situation in junior puerile ages, gradually fading by the age period of ability to work; most expressed negative patterns in junior age to early middle age with ability to work, being continuously brought to naught in old and elderly people) proved its feasibility when followed along all main recognized causes of death, save neoplasm. In general, oncologic mortality diminished in Russia in this two decades, though the expression of these positive trends was gradually declining with aging.

Indicators of mortality in Russia lack behind those of West European nations in all age and gender categories, being most prominent in the populations with ability to work along all main recognized causes of death. As for old and elderly populations, Russia lacks behind West European nations only as concerns mortality from blood circulation diseases and also from not clealy defined causes of death.

Keywords. Lifespan; mortality; age profile of mortality; structure of the population mortality; major recognized causes of death.

References

1. 1. Demograficheskaya modernizatsiya Rossii: 1900-2000. Seriya «Novaya istoriya» [Demographic modernization of Russia: 1900-2000. Series “New history”] Vishnevskiy A.G., editor. Moscow: Novoye izdatelstvo; 2006. 601 p.
2. 2. Ivanova A.Ye. Dinamika sotsialnogo reformirovaniya v mediko-demograficheskikh pokazatelyakh (smertnost). [Dynamics of social reforming shown in demographic and health indicators (mortality)]. In: Sotsialno-demograficheskaya bezopasnost Rossii. V.A. Chereshnev, A.I. Tatarkin, editors. Ekaterinburg: Institut ekonomiki UrO RAN. 2008. P. 35-44.
3. 3. Ivanova A.Ye. Sravnitelnyy analiz dinamiki smertnosti v Rossii i yevropeyskikh stranakh [A comparative analysis of mortality dynamics in Russia and European countries]. In: Razvitiye chelovecheskogo potentsiala v Rossii skvoz prizmu zdorovya naseleniya. V.I. Starodubov, A.Ye. Ivanova, editors. Moscow: Litterra; 2012. P. 11-38.
4. 4. Rybakovskiy L.L. Demograficheskoye budushcheye Rossii i migratsionnyye protsessy [Demographic future of Russia and migration]. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya 2005;(3):71-81.
5. 5. Semenova V.G. Obratnyy epidemiologicheskiy perekhod v Rossii [Reverse epidemiological transition in Russia]. Moscow: TsSP; 2005. 270 p.
6. 6. Shkolnikov V.M., Mille F. Smertnost v Rossii: zatyanuvsheyesya otstavaniye [Mortality in Russia: prolonged delay]. Mir Rossii 1999;8(4):138-162.
7. 7. Shcherbakova Ye. Uvelicheniye ozhidayemoy prodolzhitelnosti zhizni za 1993-2009 gody proizoshlo v osnovnom za schet starshikh vozrastnykh grupp [Increase in life expectancy in 1993-2000 was mainly due to the older population groups]. Demoskop-Weekly 2011;463-464 [cited 2012 Mar 12]. Available from: http://193.232.31.5/weekly/2011/0463/barom03.php
8. McKee M., Shkolnikov V.M. Health expectancy in the Russian Federation: a new perspective on the health divide in Europe. Bulletin of the WHO 2003;81(11):778-787.
9. Shkolnikov V.M, McKee M., Leon D.A. Changes in life expectancy in Russia in the mid-1990s. Lancet 2001;357:917–921.
10. Shkolnikov V.M., Andreev E.M., Leon D.A., McKee M., Mesle F., Vallin J. Mortality reversal in Russia: the story so far. Journ. Hyg. Intern. 2004;(4):29-80.

Write Comment

Please keep the topic of messages relevant to the subject of the article. Personal verbal attacks will be deleted. Please don't use comments to plug your web site. Such material will be removed. Just ensure to *Refresh* your browser for a new security code to be displayed prior to clicking on the 'Send' button. Keep in mind that the above process only applies if you simply entered the wrong security code.
Name:
E-mail
Comment:
Code:*