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Poretskova G. Yu.
Samara State Medical University, Samara.
Abstract. Background. Recent studies show
increase in children morbidity especially related to diseases of the
circulatory system, diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs,
diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the nervous system and
diseases of the endocrine system.
Such increase suggests that mass preventive measures in
schoolchildren are inadequate and necessitates improvement of quality of
regular health examination, identification of risk groups among
schoolchildren, development of prevention programs and follow-up of this
group of patients.
The purpose of the study was to increase effect of
programs aimed at prevention of school-related pathologies based on
regular health examination among schoolchildren.
Study objectives: to analyze dynamics of prevalence and
disease structure in schoolchildren in the city of Samara, to identify
school-related pathologies, risk groups and predictors, to develop basis
for customized prevention programs.
Methods and data: retrospective study in schoolchildren
from 2001/02 to 2008/09 school years and prospective observation over
schoolchildren from several secondary schools from 2005/2006 to
2011/2012 school years including health examination. In total, 7086
children aged 6-17 were recruited to the study.
Results. During the first four years at school, the
share of children with functional pathology dynamically increases up to
65 %, while the share of healthy children drops to 9%, also the share of
children with chronic conditions increases up to 25%. Among the junior
schoolchildren the maximum growth is registered in diseases of the
musculoskeletal system (up to 49.1% C.I. 44.4-53.8%), eye diseases (up
to 32.4% C.I. 28-36.8%), digestive system diseases (up to 24.5% C.I.
20.5-28.5%). 13.2% of children have vegetative-vascular dystonia (C.I.
10-16.4%), while 5% - arterial hypertension (C.I. 3.5-8.4%).
Regular health examination of children aged 14 revealed high
prevalence of somatic pathology: diseases of the musculoskeletal system
and connective tissue were diagnosed in 54.6% of adolescents (rank 1),
diseases of eye and adnexa - in 25% of the examined (rank 2), and
cardiovascular diseases – in 8-10% children (rank 3), and diseases of
the endocrine system – in 7.4% of the examined .
In-depth examination of 14 year adolescents detected obesity in 10.5%
boys and 5.8% girls, and malnutrition in 8.5% and 4.9% respectively.
Therefore, by the age of adolescence the prevalence of diseases of the
musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular diseases and eye disorders
increases. All those school-related disorders are rooted in junior
school age.
Conclusions. The detected dynamics in morbidity
signifies the need to identify risk factors and risk groups of school-
related disorders among schoolchildren and elaborate customized
prevention programs.
Keywords: schoolchildren; adolescents; risk factors; school-related pathology; prevention.
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