Contacts: Kulikov Evgeny S, e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Abstract: Psycho-emotional resistance is an essential quality for successful physician, as the daily work of health professionals leads to overload and rapid physiological and mental exhaustion.

Burnout syndrome among physicians: According to the definition by Christina Maslach emotional burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and diminished personal accomplishment that may arise among professionals involved in different kinds of "caring" professions. All doctors to some extent are subject to burnout, especially those caring for cancer patients, immunocompromised patients and intensive care employees. Data on prevalence and severity of burnout among physicians in Europe, Asia and North America are presented.

Factors associated with burnout: According to international study results, factors forming emotional burnout, include the following: psychological environment at workplace, responsibility for performance results, long work shifts, age (especially for physicians aged 20 to 40 years), intense perception of professional duties.

Connection between burnout and medical errors: Studies conducted by foreign experts, allow us to determine a direct relationship between burnout and medical errors among physicians, surgeons, anesthesiologists and interns of various specialties.

Overcoming and preventing burnout: Primary prevention of burnout includes proper organization of labor, skill training to cope with stress, relaxation techniques, and application of rational psychotherapy, Balint group psychotherapy sessions and other techniques.

Conclusion: Thus, the burnout syndrome is a companion of a large group of "caring" professions associated with various external and internal factors, and frequency of professional errors committed by health care providers. In this context, besides the fact that the problem of burnout is directly related to quality of life of health care providers, it has also a direct impact on quality of medical care.

Keywords: burnout, medical errors, depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, diminished personal accomplishment.

References:

1. Amirov N.Kh. Berkheeva Z.M. Garipova R.V. Shakirova L.V. Berkheev I.M. Professional activity as a basis of occupational pathology in health workers. Kazanskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal 2004;85(4):305-307. (In Russian)
2. Bagriy M.A. Development features of occupational stress of doctors of different specialties. Cand.Psy.Sci Moscow;2009. 29 p. (In Russian)
3. Boyko V.V. Method of diagnosis of burnout level]. In: Practical psycho diagnostics. Raygorodskiy D.Ya., editor] Samara. 1999. p. 161-169. (In Russian)
4. Boyko, V.V. Burnout in professional communication. St.Petersburg.: Piter, 1999. 105 p. (In Russian)
5. Burno, M.E. Clinical psychotherapy. Moscow: Akademicheskiy prospekt, OPPL; 2000. 719 p. (In Russian)
6. Lengle A., Burnout from the perspective of existential analysis. Voprosy psikhologii 2008; (3):3–16 (In Russian)
7. Reznikov A.G. His is called Einstein of medicine… Devoted to the 100 year anniversary of Hans Selye]. [online] Availiable from: http://health-ua.com/article/1644.html [Cited: 19.04.2015]
8. Pasechnik I.P. Pasieshvili L.M. Aspects of physician rehabilitation after the patient's death. Semeynaya meditsina 2013; (46): 130-132.
9. Sidorov P.I. Burnout. Causes Symptoms Treatment and Prevention. Pedagogicheskaya tekhnika 2013;(1):68-74.
10. Berdyaeva I.A., Voyt L.N. Burnout among doctors of different specialties. Dal'nevostochnyy meditsinskiy zhurnal 2012;(2):117-120.
11. Skugarevskaya, M.M. Diagnosis, prevention and therapy of burnout syndrome. Minsk: BSMU; 2003.
12. Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Massie FS, Power DV, Eacker A, Harper W, et al. Burnout and suicidal ideation among U.S. medical students. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149 (5):334-341.
13. Freudenberger H, Richelson G. Burn out: the high cost of high achievement. What it is and how to survive it. 1^st ed. New York: Bantam Books; 1980. 214p.
14. Jones JW, editor. The burnout Syndrome. Park Ridge IL : London House; 1981.
15. Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual. 3rd ed. California: CPP, Inc; 1996.
16. Dewa CS, Jacobs P, Thanh NX, Loong D. An estimate of the cost of burnout on early retirement and reduction in clinical hours of practicing physicians in Canada. BMC Health Services Research 2014;14: 254.
17. Leiter MP, Frank E, Matheson TJ. Demands, values, and burnout: Relevance for physicians. Canadian Family Physician 2009;55(12): 1224-1225.
18. Soler JK, Yaman H, Esteva M, Dobbs F, Asenova RS, Katić M, et al. Burnout in European family doctors: the EGPRN study Family Practice. 2008;25(4):245-265.
19. Vicentic S., Gasic M. J., Milovanovic A., Tosevski DL, Nenadovic M, Damjanovic A, et al. Burnout, quality of life and emotional profile in general practitioners and psychiatrists. Work 2013;45(1):129–138.
20. Siu C, Yuen SK, Cheung A. Burnout among public doctors in Hong Kong: cross-sectional survey. Hong Kong Med J 2012;18(3):186-192.
21. Mordant P, Deneuve S, Rivera C, Carrabin N, Mieog S, Malyshev N, et al. Quality of life of surgical oncology residents and fellows across europe. Journal of Surgical Education 2014;71(2):222–228.
22. Mion G, Libert N, Journois D. Burnout-associated factors in anesthesia and intensive care medicine 2009 survey of the French Society of anesthesiology and intensive care. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2013;32(3):175–88.
23. Chen KY, Yang CM, Lien CH, Chiou HY, Lin MR, Chang HR, et al. Burnout, Job Satisfaction, and Medical Malpractice among Physicians. International Journal of Medical Sciences 2013;10(11):1471-1478.
24. Lesage FX, Berjot S, Altintas E, Paty B. Burnout among occupational physicians: a threat to occupational health systems?—a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Ann Occup Hyg 2013;57(7):913-919.
25. de Oliveira GS Jr., Chang R., Fitzgerald PC, Almeida MD, Castro-Alves LS, Ahmad S, et al. The prevalence of burnout and depression and their association with adherence to safety and practice standards: a survey of united states anesthesiology trainees. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2013;117(1):182–193.
26. Thiels CA, Lal TM, Nienow JM, Pasupathy KS, Blocker RC, Aho JM, et al. Surgical never events and contributing human factors. Surgery 2015;158(2):515-21.
27. Kang EK, Lihm HS, Kong EH. Association of Intern and Resident Burnout with Self-Reported Medical Errors. Korean Journal of Family Medicine 2013;34(1):36-42.
28. Hayashino Y, Utsugi-Ozaki M, Feldman MD, Fukuhara S. Hope Modified the Association between Distress and Incidence of Self-Perceived Medical Errors among Practicing Physicians: Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS ONE 2012;7(4):e35585.
29. West CP, Huschka MM, Novotny PJ, et al. Association of perceived medical errors with resident distress and empathy: a prospective longitudinal study. JAMA 2006;296(9):1071–1078.
30. Shanafelt TD, Balch CM, Bechamps GJ, Russell T, Dyrbye L, Satele D, et al. Burnout and career satisfaction among American surgeons. Ann Surg 2009;250(3):463–471.
31. Landrigan CP, Rothschild JM, Cronin JW, Kaushal R, Burdick E, M.S., Katz JT, et al. Effect of Reducing Interns' Work Hours on Serious Medical Errors in Intensive Care Units. N Engl J Med 2004; 351(18):1838-1848.
32. Prins JT, van der Heijden FM, Hoekstra-Weebers JE, Bakker AB, van de Wiel HB, Jacobs B, et al. Burnout, engagement and resident physicians’ self-reported errors. Psychol Health Med 2009; 14(6):654–666.
33. Fahrenkopf AM, Sectish TC, Barger LK, Sharek PJ, Lewin D, Chiang VW, et al. Rates of medication errors among depressed and burnt out residents: prospective cohort study BMJ 2008; 336(7642):488-491.
34. Smith M, Segal J, Segal R. Preventing Burnout [Online]. 2015 [Cited on 07.11.2015]. Available from: http://www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/preventing-burnout.htm
35. Awa WL, Plaumann M, Walter U. Burnout prevention: a review of intervention programs. Patient Educ Couns 2010;78(2):184–190.
36. Rø KE, Gude T, Tyssen R, Aasland OG. Counselling for burnout in Norwegian doctors: one year cohort study. BMJ 2008; 337:a2004.
37. McCue JD, Sachs CL. A Stress Management Workshop Improves Residents' Coping Skills. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151(11):2273-2277.

Write Comment

Please keep the topic of messages relevant to the subject of the article. Personal verbal attacks will be deleted. Please don't use comments to plug your web site. Such material will be removed. Just ensure to *Refresh* your browser for a new security code to be displayed prior to clicking on the 'Send' button. Keep in mind that the above process only applies if you simply entered the wrong security code.
Name:
E-mail
Comment:
Code:*