DOI: 10.21045/2071-5021-2018-59-1-5

Contacts: Tatyana Svetlichnaya, e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it
Information about authors:
Svetlichnaya T.G., http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-9604
Menshikova L.I., http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-2003
Smirnova E.A., .http://orcid.org/0000-0002-93830649
Acknowledgments. The study had no sponsorship.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Significance. Today the main public health hazards include modern lifestyle and environmental conditions. One of the characteristics of the modern lifestyle is a widespread of traditional chemical (substantive) and continuously emerging new types of non-chemical (non-substantive, behavioural, psychological) dependencies. Active engagement into this pathological process starts early in life, in childhood and adolescence.

Purpose. To generalize understanding of dependency from the perspective of the Western and Russian theoretical-conceptual biological, psychological and social approaches to its research and definitions to be used in the medical-social research in health and healthcare aimed at rationalizing and developing effective methods of primary prevention of various types of chemical and non-chemical dependency.

Methods. The study used analytical method combined with scientific and theoretical approach; 47 reference sources were analysed, including 16 scientific publications by foreign authors.

Results. Analysis of scientific literature on the study topic shows a detailed theoretical and empirical development of the dependency (addiction) phenomenon and availability of the well-established terminology for its research. However, dependency, being a well-developed medical and psychological scientific category, remains under-investigated as a social and spiritual phenomenon. Narrow medical thinking still predominates in definition of the essence of dependency – that is biomedical determinism.

Transfer to a broader view of dependency as a complex biopsychosociospiritual phenomenon will provide for a change in priorities in investigating conditions and factors of its formation and control, to become one of the most important contemporary problems of secular and theological discourse.

Conclusions. Studying dependency as a negative biopsychosociospiritual phenomenon and developing ways to deter it, not only controlling but rather effectively preventing its emergence and further spread remains most relevant.

Successful solution to the problem requires cooperation with major religious confessions as the subject-matter of dependency is interdisciplinary in nature. Studying dependency goes far beyond the scope of medicine, psychology, education science and sociology.

Scope of application: healthcare, addictology.

Keywords: dependency; dependence behaviour; dependent personality; biopsychosociospiritual phenomenon.

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