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Ãëàâíàÿ arrow Àðõèâ íîìåðîâ arrow ¹5 2016 (51) arrow ÎÖÅÍÊÀ ÊÀ×ÅÑÒÂÀ ÎÊÀÇÀÍÈß È ÄÎÑÒÓÏÍÎÑÒÈ ÌÅÄÈÖÈÍÑÊÎÉ ÏÎÌÎÙÈ Ñ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅÌ ÈÍÄÅÊÑΠÁËÀÃÎÏÎËÓ×Èß ÌÅÄÈÖÈÍÑÊÈÕ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÉ, ÎÊÀÇÛÂÀÞÙÈÕ ÏÅÐÂÈ×ÍÓÞ ÌÅÄÈÊÎ-ÑÀÍÈÒÀÐÍÓÞ ÏÎÌÎÙÜ È ÈÌÅÞÙÈÕ ÏÐÈÊÐÅÏËÅÍÍÎÅ ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÈÅ
ÎÖÅÍÊÀ ÊÀ×ÅÑÒÂÀ ÎÊÀÇÀÍÈß È ÄÎÑÒÓÏÍÎÑÒÈ ÌÅÄÈÖÈÍÑÊÎÉ ÏÎÌÎÙÈ Ñ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅÌ ÈÍÄÅÊÑΠÁËÀÃÎÏÎËÓ×Èß ÌÅÄÈÖÈÍÑÊÈÕ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÉ, ÎÊÀÇÛÂÀÞÙÈÕ ÏÅÐÂÈ×ÍÓÞ ÌÅÄÈÊÎ-ÑÀÍÈÒÀÐÍÓÞ ÏÎÌÎÙÜ È ÈÌÅÞÙÈÕ ÏÐÈÊÐÅÏËÅÍÍÎÅ ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÈÅ Ïå÷àòü
01.11.2016 ã.

DOI: 10.21045/2071-5021-2016-51-5-1
Ìèõàéëîâà Þ.Â.1, Ñîí È.Ì.1, Ïîëèêàðïîâ À.Â.1, Øèêèíà È.Á.1,3, Âå÷îðêî Â.È.1, Èâàíîâ È.Â.2, Ãîëóáåâ Í.À.1

1 ÔÃÁÓ «Öåíòðàëüíûé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò îðãàíèçàöèè è èíôîðìàòèçàöèè çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ» Ìèíçäðàâà Ðîññèè, Ìîñêâà
2 ÔÃÁÓ "Öåíòð ìîíèòîðèíãà è êëèíèêî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ýêñïåðòèçû" Ôåäåðàëüíîé ñëóæáû ïî íàäçîðó â ñôåðå çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ, Ìîñêâà
3 ÔÃÁÓ «Öåíòðàëüíàÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ ìåäèöèíñêàÿ àêàäåìèÿ» ÓÄ ÏÐÔ, Ìîñêâà

ASSESSING QUALITY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF HEALTH CARE USING WELL-BEING INDEXES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES WITH CATCHMENT AREA
Mikhaylova Yu.1, Son I.1, Polikarpov A.1, Shikina I. 1,3, Vechorko V.I, Ivanov I.V2, Golubev N.A.1

1 Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
2 Center for Monitoring and Clinical and Economic Examination of Federal Service on Surveillance in Health, Moscow
3 Central State Medical Academy, Department for Presidential Affairs of the Russian federation, Moscow

Êîíòàêòíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ: Øèêèíà Èðèíà Áîðèñîâíà, e-mail: Ýòîò e-mail çàùèùåí îò ñïàì-áîòîâ. Äëÿ åãî ïðîñìîòðà â âàøåì áðàóçåðå äîëæíà áûòü âêëþ÷åíà ïîääåðæêà Java-script

Contacts: Irina B. Shikina, e-mail: Ýòîò e-mail çàùèùåí îò ñïàì-áîòîâ. Äëÿ åãî ïðîñìîòðà â âàøåì áðàóçåðå äîëæíà áûòü âêëþ÷åíà ïîääåðæêà Java-script

Ðåçþìå.

Àêòóàëüíîñòü. Àâòîðû ñòàòüè ðàññìàòðèâàþò ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû è ðåçóëüòàòû íåçàâèñèìîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè â ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèÿõ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñîöèàëüíóþ ïîìîùü, êàê êëþ÷åâóþ ïðîáëåìó çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ Ðîññèè.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íåîáõîäèì òàêîé èíôîðìàöèîííûé èíñòðóìåíò, êîòîðûé áû ïîçâîëèë àäåêâàòíî àíàëèçèðîâàòü è îöåíèâàòü äåÿòåëüíîñòü ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé êàê äîêàçàòåëüíóþ áàçó äëÿ ðàçðàáîòêè îïåðàòèâíûõ è ñòðàòåãè÷åñêèõ óïðàâëåí÷åñêèõ ðåøåíèé, ïðîãíîçèðîâàòü ðàçâèòèå.

Öåëü: íåçàâèñèìàÿ îöåíêà êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì àäàïòèðîâàííûõ èíäåêñîâ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå.

Ìåòîäû: àíàëèòè÷åñêèé, ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèé, ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé ñòàòèñòèêè, ìåòîä ýêñïåðòíûõ îöåíîê, êîíòåíò àíàëèç.

Ðåçóëüòàòû ðàáîòû. Ïîëó÷åíû è îáðàáîòàíû äàííûå ïî 3811 ìåäèöèíñêèì îðãàíèçàöèÿì (þðèäè÷åñêèì ëèöàì), îêàçûâàþùèì ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèì ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå. Ñôîðìèðîâàíû ìàêñèìàëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ àäàïòèðîâàííûõ ñóììàðíûõ èíäåêñîâ - èíäåêñû áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ - äëÿ ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé.

Âûâîäû. Ïðîâåäåíèå íåçàâèñèìîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì èíäåêñîâ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå, ïîçâîëÿåò: îïðåäåëèòü ðåçóëüòàòèâíîñòü äåÿòåëüíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé è ïðèíÿòü ñâîåâðåìåííûå ìåðû ïî îïòèìèçàöèè åå äåÿòåëüíîñòè è ïîâûøåíèþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè; ñâîåâðåìåííî âûÿâèòü íåãàòèâíûå ôàêòîðû, âëèÿþùèå íà êà÷åñòâî ïðåäîñòàâëåíèÿ óñëóã â ñôåðå çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ, è óñòðàíåíèå èõ ïðè÷èí ïóòåì ðåàëèçàöèè îáîñíîâàííûõ öåëüíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé; ñòèìóëèðîâàòü ïîâûøåíèå êà÷åñòâà ðàáîòû.

Îáëàñòü ïðèìåíåíèÿ ðåçóëüòàòîâ. Ðàçðàáîòêà ðåéòèíãà äåÿòåëüíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå, íà îñíîâå ïðîâåäåíèÿ íåçàâèñèìîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì èíäåêñîâ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ íà ôåäåðàëüíîì, ðåãèîíàëüíîì, ìóíèöèïàëüíûõ óðîâíÿõ.

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: êà÷åñòâî ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè; ïåðâè÷íàÿ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíàÿ ïîìîùü; ðåéòèíãè ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé; àäàïòèðîâàííûå èíäåêñû áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ.

Abstract.

Significance. Authors of the article consider methodological aspects and results of an independent assessment of care quality and accessibility in primary health care facilities as a key problem of the Russian health care. Current situation calls for development of an information tool which would allow for analysis and critical evaluation of health care facilities’ performance as evidence for developing operational and strategic administrative decisions and forecasting further development.

Objective: To carry out an independent assessment of quality and accessibility of care using adjusted well-being indexes of primary health care facilities with catchment area.

Methods: analytical, sociological, mathematical statistics, method of expert evaluation, content analysis.

Results. Data on 3811 primary care facilities (legal entities) with catchment area has been collected and analyzed. Maximum values of the total adjusted indexes – well-being indexes - for health care facilities have been calculated.

Conclusion. Implementation of an independent assessment of quality and accessibility of care using well-being indexes of primary care facilities with catchment area helps to: evaluate performance to implement activities to optimize and increase performance and timely identify factors negatively affecting quality of care to design and implement comprehensive evidence-based improvements.

Scope of application.Development of performance rating of primary care facilities with adjusted area on the basis of an independent assessment of care quality and accessibility using well-being indexes at the federal, regional, and municipal levels.

Keywords: quality of health care; primary care; ratings of health organizations; adjusted well-being indexes.

Ââåäåíèå

Ïåðâè÷íàÿ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíàÿ ïîìîùü ñîñòàâëÿåò íåîòúåìëåìóþ ÷àñòü ïðîöåññà ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ îáùåñòâà è íàöèîíàëüíîé ñèñòåìû çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè (ÐÔ). Ïîýòîìó ïîâûøåíèå êà÷åñòâà, äîñòóïíîñòè è áåçîïàñíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè - êëþ÷åâàÿ ïðîáëåìà çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ, ñëîæíî ðåøàåìàÿ â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ è ÿâëÿþùàÿñÿ ïðåäìåòîì îñîáîé îçàáî÷åííîñòè ñòðóêòóð âëàñòè íà âñåõ óðîâíÿõ óïðàâëåíèÿ. Äîñòóïíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ î êà÷åñòâå è áåçîïàñíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè îñòàåòñÿ æèçíåííî âàæíîé ïîòðåáíîñòüþ íàñåëåíèÿ.

Êîìïëåêñíàÿ îöåíêà äåÿòåëüíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé (ÌÎ) îòðàñëè çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ ñðàâíèòåëüíîãî àíàëèçà èõ äåÿòåëüíîñòè íà îñíîâå ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ñèñòåìû ðåéòèíãîâ. Ðåéòèíãè ÌÎ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñîáîé èíôîðìàöèîííûé èíñòðóìåíò, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé äëÿ àäåêâàòíîé îöåíêè è àíàëèçà äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÌÎ, ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèÿ òåíäåíöèé ðàçâèòèÿ è ðàçðàáîòêè îïåðàòèâíûõ è ñòðàòåãè÷åñêèõ óïðàâëåí÷åñêèõ ðåøåíèé. Ðåéòèíãè ñòðîÿòñÿ íà îñíîâå èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ñîâðåìåííûõ ìåòîäîâ ñáîðà è îáðàáîòêè ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ, ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèõ è äðóãèõ äàííûõ î äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÌÎ.

Ìåäèöèíñêàÿ ïîìîùü íà òåððèòîðèè ÐÔ ïðåäîñòàâëÿåòñÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïîðÿäêàìè îêàçàíèÿ ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè è íà îñíîâå ñòàíäàðòîâ ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè, à òàêæå ñ ó÷åòîì îñîáåííîñòåé ïîëîâîçðàñòíîãî ñîñòàâà íàñåëåíèÿ, óðîâíÿ è ñòðóêòóðû çàáîëåâàåìîñòè íàñåëåíèÿ, îñíîâàííûõ íà äàííûõ ìåäèöèíñêîé ñòàòèñòèêè. Êðîìå òîãî, â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â ÐÔ äåéñòâóþò ïðèêàçû, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèå ïàðàìåòðû êà÷åñòâà è äîñòóïíîñòè îêàçàíèÿ ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè ãðàæäàíàì ÐÔ [3-10]. Îäíàêî ôîðìèðîâàíèå ðåéòèíãîâ ÌÎ, ïîäâåäîìñòâåííûõ ñóáúåêòó ÐÔ, îòíîñèòñÿ ê ïîëíîìî÷èÿì îðãàíîâ èñïîëíèòåëüíîé âëàñòè â ñôåðå çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ è îòðàæàåò äåÿòåëüíîñòü èñïîëíèòåëüíîé âëàñòè íà òåððèòîðèè êîíêðåòíîãî ñóáúåêòà ÐÔ.  ñâÿçè ñ âûøåèçëîæåííûì, ñóùåñòâóåò ïîòðåáíîñòü ïðîâåäåíèÿ îöåíêè ïîêàçàòåëåé äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ óðîâíÿ êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè â ÌÎ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå.

Öåëü èññëåäîâàíèÿ: íåçàâèñèìàÿ îöåíêà êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè íàñåëåíèþ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì àäàïòèðîâàííûõ èíäåêñîâ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ÌÎ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå, â ñóáúåêòàõ ÐÔ.

Ìåòîäû: àíàëèòè÷åñêèé, ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêèé, ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé ñòàòèñòèêè, ìåòîä ýêñïåðòíûõ îöåíîê, êîíòåíò àíàëèç.

Ðåçóëüòàòû.

Ïðîâåäåíèå íåçàâèñèìîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè â ÌÎ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå, âî âñåõ ñóáúåêòàõ ÐÔ ïðîâîäèëîñü â 4 ýòàïà. Ïåðâûå äâà ýòàïà ïîäðîáíî îïèñàíû â îïóáëèêîâàííûõ ðàíåå ñòàòüÿõ, ññûëêè íà êîòîðûå ìîæíî íàéòè â ñïèñêå ëèòåðàòóðû [1, 2].

1 ýòàï - ðàçðàáîòêà åäèíîãî ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêîãî ïîäõîäà, ýêñïåðòíîå è ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêîå îáîñíîâàíèå êðèòåðèåâ äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ òèïèçàöèè ÌÎ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå, ñóáúåêòîâ ÐÔ.  öåëÿõ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ñîïîñòàâèìîñòè îöåíèâàåìûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé âûäåëåíî ÷åòûðå ãðóïïû (þðèäè÷åñêèõ ëèö), îêàçûâàþùèõ ïîìîùü â àìáóëàòîðíûõ óñëîâèÿõ ÌÎ: Ãðóïïà À (ìíîãîïðîôèëüíûå áîëüíèöû è öåíòðàëüíûå ãîðîäñêèå áîëüíèöû, èìåþùèå ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå); Ãðóïïà Á (ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíûå ïîëèêëèíèêè); Ãðóïïà  (ðàéîííûå áîëüíèöû è öåíòðàëüíûå ðàéîííûå áîëüíèöû; Ãðóïïà à (ó÷àñòêîâûå áîëüíèöû è âðà÷åáíûå àìáóëàòîðèè) [1].

2 ýòàï - ïðîâåäåíèå àíàëèòè÷åñêîãî îáçîðà äåéñòâóþùåé íîðìàòèâíî-ïðàâîâîé áàçû ïî îöåíêå äåÿòåëüíîñòè ñèñòåìû çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ íà ðàçëè÷íûõ óðîâíÿõ: îò îöåíêè îðãàíîâ èñïîëíèòåëüíîé âëàñòè â ñôåðå çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ íà ôåäåðàëüíîì óðîâíå, äî êðèòåðèåâ äåÿòåëüíîñòè ðóêîâîäèòåëåé è ðàáîòíèêîâ ÌÎ â ðàìêàõ «ýôôåêòèâíîãî êîíòðàêòà» â ðÿäå ñóáúåêòîâ ÐÔ.

Äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ óðîâíÿ êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè â ÌÎ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå, ïðè ïîìîùè ìåòîäà êîëëåêòèâíîé ýêñïåðòíîé îöåíêè, ìåòîäà êîððåëÿöèîííîãî àíàëèçà îáîáùåííûõ èíäèêàòîðîâ áûë ïîäãîòîâëåí èòîãîâûé ïåðå÷åíü èç 24 ïîêàçàòåëåé [2].

3 ýòàï - ñáîð ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ â àáñîëþòíûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ, ðàçðàáîòêà èíôîðìàöèîííîé ïëàòôîðìû äëÿ ñáîðà è îáîáùåíèÿ èíôîðìàöèè ïî êàæäîé ÌÎ (asmms.mednet.ru), ðàçðàáîòêà ìåòîäîëîãèè è ìåòîäèê ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé, àëãîðèòìè÷åñêîé è ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîé îáðàáîòêè äàííûõ ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì êîìïüþòåðíûõ òåõíîëîãèé.

Äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ îáúåêòèâíîñòè ïðîâîäèìîé îöåíêè áûëà ïðîâåäåíà ìàñøòàáíàÿ ðàáîòà ïî ïÿòèóðîâíåâîìó êîíòðîëþ ïîëíîòû è äîñòîâåðíîñòè ïðåäñòàâëåííûõ äàííûõ, ïîñëå êàæäîãî èç íèõ îñóùåñòâëÿëîñü îïåðàòèâíîå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ñ ñóáúåêòàìè äëÿ êîððåêòèðîâêè âûÿâëåííûõ äåôåêòîâ.  ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåäåííûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé áûëà ïîëó÷åíà è îáðàáîòàíà èíôîðìàöèÿ ïî 3811 ÌÎ (þðèäè÷åñêèì ëèöàì), â îáùåì êîëè÷åñòâå áîëåå 275 òûñ. åäèíèö àáñîëþòíûõ çíà÷åíèé.

 ðàìêàõ ñáîðà äàííûõ è ïðîâåäåíèÿ êîíòðîëÿ áûëî îáåñïå÷åíî ïîñòîÿííîå ìåòîäè÷åñêîå è ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêîå ñîïðîâîæäåíèå è ïîääåðæêà ñóáúåêòîâ ÐÔ, â òîì ÷èñëå îòäåëüíûõ ÌÎ. Áûëî äàíî áîëåå 500 ïîÿñíåíèé è ðåêîìåíäàöèé.

4 ýòàï - àãðåãàöèÿ è òðàíñïîíèðîâàíèå ïîëó÷åííîé èíôîðìàöèè â åäèíóþ áàçó äàííûõ, ìàòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ îáðàáîòêà ðåçóëüòàòîâ â ÷àñòè ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ îáîáùåííûõ èíäåêñîâ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ è àäàïòèðîâàííûõ èíäåêñîâ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé. Äàëåå áûëî îñóùåñòâëåíî ðàñïðåäåëåíèå áàçû äàííûõ íà ãðóïïû â çàâèñèìîñòè îò êàòåãîðèè îáñëóæèâàåìîãî íàñåëåíèÿ, à òàêæå îò òèïà ÌÎ. Ïåðåä âû÷èñëåíèåì îáîáùåííûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ïîêàçàòåëåé, áûëî ïðîèçâåäåíî èñêëþ÷åíèå èç èìåþùåéñÿ ñîâîêóïíîñòè äàííûõ âûïàäàþùèõ (àíîìàëüíûõ) çíà÷åíèé.

Ñàìûì ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûì ìåòîäîì ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ îöåíîê ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñðàâíåíèå ñ ýòàëîííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé, èìåþùåé ëó÷øåå çíà÷åíèå ïî âñåì ïîêàçàòåëÿì (áåí÷ìàðêèíã), ò.å. ýòàëîíîì ñðàâíåíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ íå ñóáúåêòèâíîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ýêñïåðòîâ â âèäå íîðìû (êðèòåðèÿ), à ñëîæèâøèåñÿ â ðåàëüíîñòè íàèáîëåå âûñîêèå ðåçóëüòàòû.  îñíîâå ðàñ÷åòà èòîãîâîãî ïîêàçàòåëÿ îöåíêè ëåæèò ñðàâíåíèå îðãàíèçàöèè (îáúåêòà îöåíêè) ïî êàæäîìó ïîêàçàòåëþ ñ óñëîâíîé ýòàëîííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé (îáúåêòîì), èìåþùèì íàèëó÷øèå ðåçóëüòàòû ïî ñðàâíèâàåìûì ïîêàçàòåëÿì [11].

Äàëåå, äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ ðàñ÷åòà èíäåêñà áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ïîêàçàòåëåé áûëà èñïîëüçîâàíà àäàïòèðîâàííàÿ ÔÃÁÓ «ÖÍÈÈÎÈÇ» Ìèíçäðàâà Ðîññèè ìåòîäèêà, âêëþ÷åííàÿ â íîðìàòèâíûå äîêóìåíòû ïî îöåíêå äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÌÎ [7]. Ôîðìèðîâàíèå èíäåêñîâ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ îñóùåñòâëÿëîñü íà îñíîâàíèè çíà÷åíèé, ïîëó÷åííûõ â ðåçóëüòàòå îáðàáîòêè äàííûõ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïðîâåäåííîé òèïèçàöèåé ÌÎ. Äëÿ êàæäîãî èç ïîêàçàòåëåé ïðè ïîìîùè ìåòîäà êîëëåêòèâíîé ýêñïåðòíîé îöåíêè áûëî îïðåäåëåíî åãî ëó÷øåå çíà÷åíèå. Äëÿ ýòèõ öåëåé áûëè ðàññ÷èòàíû ìàêñèìàëüíûå, ìèíèìàëüíûå è ñðåäíèå çíà÷åíèÿ ïîêàçàòåëåé â êàæäîé èññëåäóåìîé ãðóïïå ÌÎ.

Íà çàâåðøàþùåì ýòàïå áûë ïðîèçâåäåí ïåðåâîä èíäåêñà áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ïîêàçàòåëåé â îöåíêó â áàëëàõ îò 0 äî 10 äëÿ óïðîùåíèÿ ïðîöåññà âèçóàëèçàöèè, ãäå 0 – ïåðåâåäåííûé èíäåêñ õóäøåãî çíà÷åíèÿ, 10 – ïåðåâåäåííûé èíäåêñ ëó÷øåãî çíà÷åíèÿ.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïî ñóáúåêòàì ÐÔ áûëè ñôîðìèðîâàíû ìàêñèìàëüíûå è ìèíèìàëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ àäàïòèðîâàííûõ ñóììàðíûõ èíäåêñîâ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ äëÿ 4 ãðóïï ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíûõ ÌÎ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå, ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì êîòîðûõ è áûëà ïðîâåäåíà íåçàâèñèìàÿ îöåíêà êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè íàñåëåíèþ ÐÔ.

Îáñóæäåíèå.

Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì íà êàæäîì èç ÷åòûðåõ ýòàïîâ íåçàâèñèìîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè â ÌÎ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå, âî âñåõ ñóáúåêòàõ ÐÔ áûëà äîêàçàíà îáúåêòèâíîñòü ïîêàçàòåëåé îöåíêè âñåõ íàïðàâëåíèé äåÿòåëüíîñòè.

Ðåçóëüòàòû îöåíêè ÿâèëèñü äîêàçàòåëüíîé áàçîé äëÿ ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÌÎ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå, è ïîçâîëÿþò ïðîâåñòè ñðàâíèòåëüíûé àíàëèç äåÿòåëüíîñòè ïî èõ ðåçóëüòàòèâíîñòè, êîòîðàÿ èíòåãðèðîâàíà â åäèíûé ïîêàçàòåëü – èíäåêñ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ.

Ïîëó÷åííûå ðåçóëüòàòû íåçàâèñèìîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè ÿâëÿþòñÿ âàæíîé èíôîðìàöèåé:

  1. - äëÿ Ìèíçäðàâà Ðîññèè, êàê äîêàçàòåëüíàÿ áàçà ïðè âûðàáîòêå ïîëèòèêè â îáëàñòè îðãàíèçàöèè ïåðâè÷íîé ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíîé ïîìîùè íàñåëåíèþ;
  2. - äëÿ ðóêîâîäèòåëåé îðãàíîâ óïðàâëåíèÿ çäðàâîîõðàíåíèåì ñóáúåêòîâ ÐÔ, êàê äîêàçàòåëüíàÿ áàçà ðàçðàáîòêè è ðåàëèçàöèè ìåðîïðèÿòèé äëÿ ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ ïåðâè÷íîé ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíîé ïîìîùè;
  3. - äëÿ ðóêîâîäèòåëåé ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé äëÿ áîëåå äåòàëüíîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðè÷èí è ôàêòîðîâ íèçêîé ýôôåêòèâíîñòè îòäåëüíûõ ïîäðàçäåëåíèé è ñëóæá, âõîäÿùèõ â èõ ñîñòàâ.

Âûâîäû.

  1. Óðîâåíü îðãàíèçàöèè, äîñòóïíîñòü, êà÷åñòâî è óñëîâèÿ îêàçàíèÿ ïåðâè÷íîé ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíîé ïîìîùè â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ìåðå îïðåäåëÿþò óäîâëåòâîðåííîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ âñåé ñèñòåìîé çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ.
  2. Ñâîåâðåìåííîå ïðèíÿòèå ýôôåêòèâíûõ îðãàíèçàöèîííûõ ðåøåíèé ïî ïîâûøåíèþ êà÷åñòâà ìåäèöèíñêèõ óñëóã â îðãàíèçàöèÿõ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïîìîùü â àìáóëàòîðíûõ óñëîâèÿõ, òðåáóþò ïðîâåäåíèÿ ïîñòîÿííîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà è îöåíêè èõ äåÿòåëüíîñòè íà îñíîâå îáúåêòèâíûõ êðèòåðèåâ è ñ ó÷åòîì ñïåöèôèêè ÌÎ.
  3. Ðåçóëüòàòû íåçàâèñèìîé îöåíêè äîñòóïíîñòè è êà÷åñòâà àìáóëàòîðíîé ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì àäàïòèðîâàííûõ èíäåêñîâ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ îáúåêòèâíîé èíôîðìàöèîííîé áàçîé ïðè ðàçðàáîòêå öåëåâûõ ïðîãðàìì, ïðîåêòîâ, ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèþ ïåðâè÷íîãî ñåêòîðà, îöåíî÷íûì èíñòðóìåíòîì ïðè ôîðìèðîâàíèè ðåéòèíãà êîíêðåòíûõ ÌÎ.
  4. Ïðîâåäåíèå íåçàâèñèìîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ è äîñòóïíîñòè ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì àäàïòèðîâàííûõ èíäåêñîâ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ÌÎ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ïåðâè÷íóþ ìåäèêî-ñàíèòàðíóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèõ ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå, ïîçâîëÿåò:
  5. îïðåäåëèòü ðåçóëüòàòèâíîñòü äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÌÎ è ïðèíÿòü ñâîåâðåìåííûå ìåðû ïî ïîâûøåíèþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè è îïòèìèçàöèè åå äåÿòåëüíîñòè;
  6. ñâîåâðåìåííî âûÿâèòü íåãàòèâíûå ôàêòîðû, âëèÿþùèå íà êà÷åñòâî ïðåäîñòàâëåíèÿ óñëóã â ñôåðå çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ, è óñòðàíåíèå èõ ïðè÷èí ïóòåì ðåàëèçàöèè öåëåâûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé;
  7. óêðåïèòü èíñòèòóò îáùåñòâåííîãî êîíòðîëÿ è îáåñïå÷èòü ïîòðåáèòåëåé óñëóã â ñôåðå çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíîé èíôîðìàöèåé î ðàáîòå ÌÎ, â òîì ÷èñëå â öåëÿõ ðåàëèçàöèè ïðèíàäëåæàùåãî ïîòðåáèòåëÿì ïðàâà âûáîðà êîíêðåòíîé ÌÎ äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ óñëóã â ñôåðå çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ.

Áèáëèîãðàôèÿ

  1. Ìèõàéëîâà Þ.Â., Èâàíîâ È.Â., Øèêèíà È.Á., Ïîëèêàðïîâ À.Â., Âå÷îðêî Â.È. Ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû ïðîâåäåíèÿ íåçàâèñèìîé îöåíêè ìåäèöèíñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé ñóáúåêòîâ ÐÔ, îêàçûâàþùèõ ìåäèöèíñêóþ ïîìîùü ïðèêðåïëåííîìó íàñåëåíèþ â àìáóëàòîðíûõ óñëîâèÿõ. Ñîöèàëüíûå àñïåêòû çäîðîâüÿ íàñåëåíèÿ [ýëåêòðîííûé íàó÷íûé æóðíàë]. 2016; 3(49). URL: http://vestnik.mednet.ru/content/view/749/30/lang,ru/ Äàòà îáðàùåíèÿ 30 èþíÿ 2016) DOI: 10.21045/2071-5021-2016-49-3-1
  2. Ìèõàéëîâà Þ.Â., Èâàíîâ È.Â., Ïîëèêàðïîâ À.Â., Øèêèíà È.Á., Ãîëóáåâ Í.À., Âå÷îðêî Â.È. Ïðèìåíåíèå ìåòîäîâ ýêñïåðòíûõ îöåíîê ïðè âûáîðå ïîêàçàòåëåé äëÿ îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè ìåäèöèíñêèìè îðãàíèçàöèÿìè, îêàçûâàþùèõ àìáóëàòîðíóþ ìåäèöèíñêóþ ïîìîùü è èìåþùèì ïðèêðåïëåííîå íàñåëåíèå. Âåñòíèê Ðîñçäðàâíàäçîðà 2016;( 4):74-77.
  3. Î ìåðîïðèÿòèÿõ ïî ðåàëèçàöèè ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ñîöèàëüíîé ïîëèòèêè. Óêàç Ïðåçèäåíòà ÐÔ Ïóòèíà Â.Â. îò ¹ 59707 ìàÿ 2012 [Èíòåðíåò]. URL: http://base.garant.ru/70170950/ (Äàòà îáðàùåíèÿ 20 èþëÿ 2016).
  4. Î ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèÿõ ïî ïðîâåäåíèþ íåçàâèñèìîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà ðàáîòû îðãàíèçàöèé, îêàçûâàþùèõ ñîöèàëüíûå óñëóãè â ñôåðå ñîöèàëüíîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ. Ïðèêàç Ìèíòðóäà Ðîññèè îò 30 àâãóñòà 2013 ¹ 391à. URL http://www.rosmintrud.ru/docs/mintrud/orders/120http://www.rosmintrud.ru/docs/mintrud/orders/120 (Äàòà îáðàùåíèÿ 20 èþëÿ 2016).
  5. Îá îñíîâàõ îõðàíû çäîðîâüÿ ãðàæäàí â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Ôåäåðàëüíûé çàêîí îò 21 íîÿáðÿ 2011 ¹ 323-ÔÇ. URL: http://ivo.garant.ru/#/document/12191967/paragraph/1:1
  6. Îá îðãàíèçàöèè ðàáîòû ïî ôîðìèðîâàíèþ íåçàâèñèìîé ñèñòåìû îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà ðàáîòû ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ (ìóíèöèïàëüíûõ) ó÷ðåæäåíèé, îêàçûâàþùèõ óñëóãè â ñôåðå çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ. Ïðèêàç Ìèíçäðàâà Ðîññèè îò 31.10.2013 N 810à (óòðàòèë ñèëó). URL: http://www.rosminzdrav.ru/documents/5363-prikaz-minzdrava-rossii-ot-31-oktyabrya-2013-g-810a
  7. Îá îðãàíèçàöèè ðàáîòû ïî ôîðìèðîâàíèþ ðåéòèíãîâ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ (ìóíèöèïàëüíûõ) ó÷ðåæäåíèé, îêàçûâàþùèõ óñëóãè â ñôåðå çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ" (âìåñòå ñ "Ìåòîäè÷åñêèìè ðåêîìåíäàöèÿìè ïî ôîðìèðîâàíèþ ðåéòèíãîâ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ (ìóíèöèïàëüíûõ) ó÷ðåæäåíèé, îêàçûâàþùèõ óñëóãè â ñôåðå çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ"). Ïðèêàç Ìèíçäðàâà Ðîññèè îò 12.09.2014 N 503 (óòðàòèë ñèëó). URL: http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/70663238/
  8. Îá óòâåðæäåíèè Ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé ïî ïðîâåäåíèþ íåçàâèñèìîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ óñëóã ìåäèöèíñêèìè îðãàíèçàöèÿìè. Ïðèêàç Ìèíèñòåðñòâà çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè îò 14 ìàÿ 2015 ¹ 240 URL: https://www.rosminzdrav.ru/documents/9072-prikaz-ministerstva-zdravoohraneniya-rossiyskoy-federatsii-ot-14-maya-2015-g-240-ob-utverzhdenii-metodicheskih-rekomendatsiy-po-provedeniyu-nezavisimoy-otsenki-kachestva-okazaniya-uslug-meditsinskimi-organizatsiyami
  9. Îá óòâåðæäåíèè ïîêàçàòåëåé, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèõ îáùèå êðèòåðèè îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà îêàçàíèÿ óñëóã ìåäèöèíñêèìè îðãàíèçàöèÿìè. Ïðèêàç Ìèíçäðàâà Ðîññèè îò 28 íîÿáðÿ 2014 ¹ 787í. URL: http://base.garant.ru/70835536/
  10. Îá óòâåðæäåíèè Ïîëîæåíèÿ î Ìèíèñòåðñòâå çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Ïîñòàíîâëåíèå Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÐÔ îò 19 èþíÿ 2012 ¹608. URL: http://base.garant.ru/70192436/
  11. Ðóäåíêî Ì., Äîðîôååâà À. Òåõíîëîãèÿ áåí÷ìàðêèíãà. Ìàðêåòèíã. 2013;2(129): 57-66.

References

  1. Mikhaylova Yu.V., Ivanov I.V., Shikina I.B., Polikarpov A.V., Vechorko V.I. Methodological aspects of carrying out an independent assessment of health care facilities of the RF subjects providing medical care to the attached population in out-patient conditions. Sotsial'nye aspekty zdorov'ya naseleniya [serial online] 2016 [cited 2016 Jun 30]; 3(49). Available from: http://vestnik .mednet.ru/content/view/749/30/lang, ru DOI: 10.21045/2071-5021-2016-49-3-1/. (In Russian)
  2. Mikhaylova Yu.V., Ivanov I.V., Polikarpov A.V., Shikina I.B., Golubev N.A., Vechorko V.I. Application of expert estimation methods for selecting indicators for assessing the quality of medical care providing by out-patient health care facilities to the attached population. Vestnik Roszdravnadzora 2016; (4):74-77. (In Russian).
  3. On the actions for realization of the state social policy. Ukaz Prezidenta RF Putina V.V. ot ¹ 59707 maya 2012 [Online] [cited 2016 Jul 20]. Available from: http://base .garant.ru/70170950/ .(In Russian).
  4. On methodical recommendations for carrying out an independent quality assessment of the organizations providing social care. Prikaz Mintruda Rossii ot 30 avgusta 2013 ¹ 391a. [Online] [cited 2016 Jul 20]. Available from: http://www.rosmintrud.ru/docs/mintrud/orders/120http://www.rosmintrud.ru/docs/mintrud/orders/120 .(In Russian).
  5. On the bases of public health protection in the Russian Federation. Federal'nyy zakon ot 21 noyabrya 2011 ¹ 323-FZ. [Online]. Available from: http://ivo .garant.ru/#/document/12191967/paragraph/1:1.(In Russian).
  6. On the organization of works to form an independent system for assessing the operational quality of the public (municipal) health care facilities. Prikaz Minzdrava Rossii ot 31.10.2013 N 810a (utratil silu). [Online]. Available from: http://www .rosminzdrav.ru/documents/5363-prikaz-minzdrava-rossii-ot-31-oktyabrya-2013-g-810a.(In Russian).
  7. On the organization of works to form the ratings of the public (municipal) health care facilities " (together with "Methodical recommendations for formation of ratings of the public (municipal) health care facilities"). Prikaz Minzdrava Rossii ot 12.09.2014 N 503 (utratil silu). [Online]. Available from: http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/70663238/.(In Russian).
  8. On the approval of Methodical recommendations for carrying out an independent assessment of the quality of medical services providing by health facilities. Prikaz Ministerstva zdravookhraneniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 14 maya 2015 ¹ 240 [Online]. Available from: https://www.rosminzdrav. ru/documents/9072-prikaz-ministerstva-zdravoohraneniya-rossiyskoy-federatsii-ot-14-maya-2015-g-240-ob-utverzhdenii-metodicheskih-rekomendatsiy-po-provedeniyu-nezavisimoy-otsenki-kachestva-okazaniya-uslug-meditsinskimi-organizatsiyami (In Russian).
  9. On approval of the indicators characterizing the general criteria to assess the quality of services providing by health care facilities. Prikaz Minzdrava Rossii ot 28 noyabrya 2014 ¹ 787n. [Online]. Available from: http://base .garant.ru/70835536/ (In Russian).
  10. On the approval of the Provisions for the Health Ministry of the Russian Federation. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva RF ot 19 iyunya 2012 ¹608. [Online]. Available from: http://base.garant.ru/70192436/.(In Russian).
  11. Rudenko M., Dorofeeva A. Technology of a benchmarking. Marketing 2013; 2(129): 57-66. (In Russian).

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